แต่งกระทู้ธรรม: สุขกามานิ ภูตานิ โย ทณฺเฑน วิหึสติ อตฺตโน สุขเมสาโน เปจฺจ โส น ลภเต สุขํ

ฉบับทดลอง — คำอธิบายและสำนวนเชื่อมบางส่วนยังอยู่ระหว่างตรวจทาน อาจมีการปรับแก้

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This sample essay is for practice only and is not an official answer key. Please write in your own words and memorise the Pāli and its source correctly.

เรียงความภาษาอังกฤษ ใช้ได้เฉพาะสุภาษิตที่มีคำอธิบายฉบับแปลแล้ว — นักธรรมชั้นโท มี ๒๙ บท · บาลีแสดงเป็นอักษรโรมัน

กระทู้ตั้งในข้อสอบสนามหลวงจริง (ในประเทศ) ที่ระบบมีคำอธิบายของบทนั้นแล้ว — เลือกเพื่อดูตัวอย่างการแต่ง · พิมพ์ชุดตัวอย่างทั้งชั้น (PDF)

พ.ศ.	ชั้น	กระทู้ตั้ง
๒๕๖๘	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี ประถม	สุขํ ยาว ชรา สีลํ Virtue brings happiness until old age	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๘	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี มัธยม	สุโข ปุญฺญสฺส อุจฺจโย The accumulation of merit brings happiness	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๘	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท ประถม	ททมาโน ปิโย โหติ The giver is beloved	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๘	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นเอก มัธยม	ชีวเตวาปิ สปฺปญฺโญ อปิ วิตฺตปริกฺขยา ปญฺญาย จ อลาเภน วิตฺตวาปิ น ชีวติ Even when wealth is gone, the wise can still live; but without wisdom, even the wealthy cannot live	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๘	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นเอก อุดม	ยสํ ลทฺธาน ทุมฺเมโธ อนตฺถํ จรติ อตฺตโน อตฺตโน จ ปเรสญฺจ หึสาย ปฏิปชฺชติ A man of poor wisdom, having gained honour, acts to his own detriment and behaves so as to harm both himself and others	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๗	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี มัธยม	ปุญฺญํ โจเรหิ ทูหรํ Merit cannot be carried off by thieves	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๗	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท ประถม	สุโข ปุญฺญสฺส อุจฺจโย The accumulation of merit brings happiness	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๗	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นเอก ประถม	สติมา สุขเมธติ The mindful person obtains happiness	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๖	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี ประถม	ปาปานํ อกรณํ สุขํ Not doing evil brings happiness	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๖	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี มัธยม	สุโข ปุญฺญสฺส อุจฺจโย The accumulation of merit brings happiness	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๖	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท ประถม	อสนฺเต นูปเสเวยฺย สนฺเต เสเวยฺย ปณฺฑิโต อสนฺโต นิรยํ เนนฺติ สนฺโต ปาเปนฺติ สุคตึ The wise should not associate with the bad but with the good, for the bad lead to hell and the good bring one to a happy destination	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๖	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท มัธยม	อตฺตทตฺถํ ปรตฺเถน พหุนาปิ น หาปเย อตฺตทตฺถมภิญฺญาย สทตฺถปสุโต สิยา One should not neglect one's own good for the sake of another's, however great. Knowing one's own good, one should be intent upon it	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๕	นักธรรมชั้นโท	สุขกามานิ ภูตานิ โย ทณฺเฑน วิหึสติ อตฺตโน สุขเมสาโน เปจฺจ โส น ลภเต สุขํ All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, harms them with violence, finds no happiness hereafter	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๕	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี ประถม	ปาปานํ อกรณํ สุขํ Not doing evil brings happiness	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๕	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี มัธยม	สีลํ โลเก อนุตฺตรํ Virtue is supreme in the world	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๕	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี อุดม	ททมาโน ปิโย โหติ The giver is beloved	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๕	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท มัธยม	ยสํ ลทฺธาน ทุมฺเมโธ อนตฺถํ จรติ อตฺตโน อตฺตโน จ ปเรสญฺจ หึสาย ปฏิปชฺชติ A man of poor wisdom, having gained honour, acts to his own detriment and behaves so as to harm both himself and others	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๔	นักธรรมชั้นโท	อตฺตานญฺเจ ตถา กยิรา ยถญฺญมนุสาสติ สุทนฺโต วต ทเมถ อตฺตา หิ กิร ทุทฺทโม As one instructs others, so should one act oneself. One who is well-tamed may tame others; indeed, it is said, the self is hard to tame	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๓	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี ประถม	สติมโต สทา ภทฺทํ The mindful person always prospers	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๓	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี มัธยม	ปุญฺญานิ ปรโลกสฺมึ ปติฏฺฐา โหนฺติ ปาณินํ Merit is the support of beings in the next world	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๓	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท ประถม	ขนฺติโก เมตฺตวา ลาภี ยสสฺสี สุขสีลวา ปิโย เทวมนุสฺสานํ มนาโป โหติ ขนฺติโก One who has patience and kindness, is lucky, honoured, and happy; a patient person is dear and pleasing to both divine and human beings	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๓	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นโท มัธยม	อตฺตานเมว ปฐมํ ปฏิรูเป นิเวสเย อถญฺญมนุสาเสยฺย น กิลิสฺเสยฺย ปณฺฑิโต A wise person should first establish himself in what is proper, and only then instruct others; thus he will not be tarnished	แต่งกระทู้
๒๕๖๑	ธรรมศึกษาชั้นตรี ประถม	ททมาโน ปิโย โหติ The giver is beloved	แต่งกระทู้

สุภาษิตบทเชื่อมที่เข้ากัน

ชั้นนี้เชื่อม ๒ บท · ลำดับที่กดเลือก = ลำดับในเรียงความ · ครบแล้วต้องเอาบทเดิมออกก่อนจึงเลือกบทอื่นได้ · เลือกครบแล้วระบบแต่งใหม่ทันที

๑ สุขกามานิ ภูตานิ โย ทณฺเฑน น หึสติ อตฺตโน สุขเมสาโน เปจฺจ โส ลภเต สุขํ All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, does not harm them with violence, finds happiness hereafter Khuddaka Nikāya, Dhammapada 25/32 วรรคเดียวกัน ๒ อติสีตํ อติอุณฺหํ อติสายมิทํ อหุ อิติ วิสฺสฏฺฐกมฺมนฺเต อตฺถา อจฺเจนฺติ มาณเว Saying, “It’s too cold, it’s too hot, it’s too late,” one delays and abandons work; thus they let their chances pass by Dīgha Nikāya, Pāṭikavagga 11/199 วรรคเดียวกัน อถ ปาปานิ กมฺมานิ กรํ พาโล น พุชฺฌติ เสหิ กมฺเมหิ ทุมฺเมโธ อคฺคิทฑฺโฒว ตปฺปติ When a fool of poor wisdom does evil, he does not realize it; he is tormented by his own deeds as if burnt by fire Khuddaka Nikāya, Dhammapada 25/33 วรรคเดียวกัน โย ปุพฺเพ กตกลฺยาโณ กตตฺโถ นาวพุชฺฌติ อตฺถา ตสฺส ปลุชฺชนฺติ เย โหนฺติ อภิปตฺถิตา One who does not recognize the good done to him and the benefit rendered to him in the past — the aims he desires will come to ruin Khuddaka Nikāya, Jātaka, Sattakanipāta 27/228 วรรคเดียวกัน ยาทิสํ วปเต พีชํ ตาทิสํ ลภเต ผลํ กลฺยาณการี กลฺยาณํ ปาปการี จ ปาปกํ As the seed one sows, so is the fruit one reaps: the doer of good gets good, the doer of evil gets evil Saṃyutta Nikāya, Sagāthāvagga 15/333 วรรคเดียวกัน สเจ ปุพฺเพกตเหตุ สุขทุกฺขํ นิคจฺฉติ โปราณกํ กตํ ปาปํ ตเมโส มุญฺจเต อิณํ If one meets with pleasure or pain because of merit or evil done before, one is thereby freed from that old evil, as one is freed from a debt Khuddaka Nikāya, Jātaka, Paññāsanipāta 28/25 วรรคเดียวกัน โย ปุพฺเพ กรณียานิ ปจฺฉา โส กาตุมิจฺฉติ วรุณกฏฺฐํ ภญฺโชว ส ปจฺฉา อนุตปฺปติ One who wishes to do later what should be done first will regret it afterwards, like the youth who broke the varuna branch Khuddaka Nikāya, Jātaka, Ekanipāta 27/23 วรรคเดียวกัน น ปาปชนสํเสวี อจฺจนฺตสุขเมธติ โคธากุลํ กกณฺฏาว กลึ ปาเปติ อตฺตนํ One who keeps company with the wicked never attains lasting happiness; he brings harm upon himself, like the chameleon that entered a company of monitor lizards Khuddaka Nikāya, Jātaka, Ekanipāta 27/46

ตัวอย่างนี้เรียบเรียงจากคำอธิบายพุทธศาสนสุภาษิตที่ผ่านการตรวจทาน ใช้ดูแนวการวางโครงเรื่องและการเชื่อมความ ไม่ใช่เฉลยของสนามหลวง ผู้สอบควรฝึกเขียนด้วยสำนวนของตนเอง

คำอธิบายบทตั้งฉบับเต็ม

ข้อสอบสนามหลวง พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๕ · นักธรรมชั้นโท นักธรรมชั้นโท · บทเชื่อม ๒ บท · ภาษาอังกฤษ ประมาณ ๑,๐๕๓ คำ

แสดงโครงสร้าง

สุ่มสำนวนเชื่อม

Sukhakāmāni bhūtāniYo daṇḍena vihiṃsati

Attano sukhamesānoPecca so na labhate sukhaṃ

All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, harms them with violence, finds no happiness hereafter

(Khuddaka Nikāya, Dhammapada 25/32)

อารัมภบทI shall now explain and expand upon the meaning of the Dhamma theme written above, as a guide for study and practice.

อธิบายบทตั้งTo explain: "All beings" includes both humans and other animals, "the rod" here means a stick or weapon used to cause harm, and "after death" means after one has passed away. This saying warns that seeking happiness for oneself by harming other lives is evil kamma and does not lead to happiness in the next world.

ขยายความบทตั้งThe commentary on the Dhammapada tells that the Buddha saw a group of boys beating a snake with sticks. When he asked why they were doing so, the boys replied that it was because they were afraid the snake would bite them. The Buddha then taught that one who desires happiness for oneself should not harm other beings, and spoke this verse. This story invites us to reflect that just as we love life and do not want to be hurt, other lives likewise want happiness and do not want to be harmed.

ขยายความบทตั้งOne who harms others may gain momentary satisfaction or benefit, but that satisfaction arises from the suffering of the other party, and it may also give rise to fear, conflict and enmity. Harming until it becomes a habit may also make it easier to overlook the pain of others. We should therefore cultivate loving-kindness and consider whether what we are doing for our own happiness is causing trouble for anyone.

ประโยคสะพาน + ที่มา ๑All beings alike desire happiness. One who seeks their own happiness without harming or hurting others finds rightful happiness, both now and hereafter. This accords with the Buddha's saying found in Khuddaka Nikāya, Dhammapada:

Sukhakāmāni bhūtāniYo daṇḍena na hiṃsati

Attano sukhamesānoPecca so labhate sukhaṃ

Meaning: All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, does not harm them with violence, finds happiness hereafter

อธิบายบทเชื่อม ๑To explain: This saying teaches us to seek happiness with loving-kindness. Just as we love happiness and dislike suffering, others likewise love happiness and dislike suffering. Since we do not want anyone to harm us, we should not harm anyone for the sake of our own happiness.

อธิบายบทเชื่อม ๑This verse is the counterpart of the verse on the harm of hurting others. The commentary on the Dhammapada tells that the Buddha taught the boys who were beating a snake with sticks out of fear of being bitten, showing them that one who desires happiness for oneself should not harm other lives. This reminds us that wanting happiness is not wrong, but we must know how to choose the way by which we gain it. If gaining it means that others must suffer pain, live in fear or be troubled, we should stop and ask whether we are creating happiness or creating causes of suffering for one another.

อธิบายบทเชื่อม ๑The happiness of not harming begins with our own peace of mind. When we do not kill, do not harm and do not make anyone's pain a source of amusement, we have reason to recall our own conduct with an untroubled heart. Although we cannot make everyone love us, we can choose not to create enmity by harming them. Loving-kindness and honesty also help life together to rest on trust. As for the result in the future, the verse declares that one who seeks happiness without harming will find happiness after leaving this world.

ประโยคสะพาน + ที่มา ๒When a person lets laziness appear in the form of various excuses and keeps putting work off, the benefits they should have gained slip past them little by little until they can no longer be recovered. This accords with the Buddha's saying found in Dīgha Nikāya, Pāṭikavagga:

Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃAtisāyamidaṃ ahu

Iti vissaṭṭhakammanteAtthā accenti māṇave

Meaning: Saying, “It’s too cold, it’s too hot, it’s too late,” one delays and abandons work; thus they let their chances pass by

อธิบายบทเชื่อม ๒To explain: This saying teaches that one who is always finding excuses to postpone or abandon work misses the benefits he should have gained, because opportunity and time wait for no one.

อธิบายบทเชื่อม ๒This saying comes from the Sigālaka Sutta, which the Buddha taught to the young man Sigālaka, describing the dangers of laziness: the lazy person tends to say it is too cold, too hot, too late, too early, too hungry or too full, and so does not work. As a result, wealth that has not yet arisen does not arise, and wealth that has arisen is used up. These excuses sound reasonable, but in truth they conceal the laziness in the mind.

อธิบายบทเชื่อม ๒The excuses of the lazy have one important characteristic: they never run out. When one escapes the cold, one meets the heat; when one escapes the heat, it is evening. If one waits until everything is ready before starting, one may never do anything at all. Nevertheless, resting when truly tired or ill is necessary. This saying warns against using excuses to avoid one's duties; it does not forbid caring for one's health.

ตัวอย่างในชีวิตApplying this lesson in daily life, we should avoid tormenting animals for fun, mocking friends until they are humiliated, or taking advantage of others for our own gain. Though these actions take different forms, they all show that our happiness should not be built on the suffering of others. If we must protect ourselves, we should stay mindful, find a way out of the danger or seek help, and avoid causing more harm than necessary or retaliating out of spite.

สรุปTo conclude: Those who seek happiness should therefore always remember that others love happiness and do not want suffering, just as they do. Before thinking, speaking or doing anything, they should consider whether it will harm anyone, and then choose ways that are honest and kind. Not harming supports living together in peace and is a way of abstaining from the evil kamma that brings suffering. This accords with the Dhamma saying set forth as the theme at the beginning:

Sukhakāmāni bhūtāniYo daṇḍena vihiṃsati

Attano sukhamesānoPecca so na labhate sukhaṃ

All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, harms them with violence, finds no happiness hereafter

ปิดท้ายThus has the meaning been explained, as set forth above.

Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni   Yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati
		Attano sukhamesāno   Pecca so na labhate sukhaṃ
		All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, harms them with violence, finds no happiness hereafter
		(Khuddaka Nikāya, Dhammapada 25/32)
	I shall now explain and expand upon the meaning of the Dhamma theme written above, as a guide for study and practice.
	To explain: "All beings" includes both humans and other animals, "the rod" here means a stick or weapon used to cause harm, and "after death" means after one has passed away. This saying warns that seeking happiness for oneself by harming other lives is evil kamma and does not lead to happiness in the next world.
	The commentary on the Dhammapada tells that the Buddha saw a group of boys beating a snake with sticks. When he asked why they were doing so, the boys replied that it was because they were afraid the snake would bite them. The Buddha then taught that one who desires happiness for oneself should not harm other beings, and spoke this verse. This story invites us to reflect that just as we love life and do not want to be hurt, other lives likewise want happiness and do not want to be harmed.
	One who harms others may gain momentary satisfaction or benefit, but that satisfaction arises from the suffering of the other party, and it may also give rise to fear, conflict and enmity. Harming until it becomes a habit may also make it easier to overlook the pain of others. We should therefore cultivate loving-kindness and consider whether what we are doing for our own happiness is causing trouble for anyone.
	All beings alike desire happiness. One who seeks their own happiness without harming or hurting others finds rightful happiness, both now and hereafter. This accords with the Buddha's saying found in Khuddaka Nikāya, Dhammapada:
		Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni   Yo daṇḍena na hiṃsati
		Attano sukhamesāno   Pecca so labhate sukhaṃ
		Meaning: All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, does not harm them with violence, finds happiness hereafter
	To explain: This saying teaches us to seek happiness with loving-kindness. Just as we love happiness and dislike suffering, others likewise love happiness and dislike suffering. Since we do not want anyone to harm us, we should not harm anyone for the sake of our own happiness.
	This verse is the counterpart of the verse on the harm of hurting others. The commentary on the Dhammapada tells that the Buddha taught the boys who were beating a snake with sticks out of fear of being bitten, showing them that one who desires happiness for oneself should not harm other lives. This reminds us that wanting happiness is not wrong, but we must know how to choose the way by which we gain it. If gaining it means that others must suffer pain, live in fear or be troubled, we should stop and ask whether we are creating happiness or creating causes of suffering for one another.
	The happiness of not harming begins with our own peace of mind. When we do not kill, do not harm and do not make anyone's pain a source of amusement, we have reason to recall our own conduct with an untroubled heart. Although we cannot make everyone love us, we can choose not to create enmity by harming them. Loving-kindness and honesty also help life together to rest on trust. As for the result in the future, the verse declares that one who seeks happiness without harming will find happiness after leaving this world.
	When a person lets laziness appear in the form of various excuses and keeps putting work off, the benefits they should have gained slip past them little by little until they can no longer be recovered. This accords with the Buddha's saying found in Dīgha Nikāya, Pāṭikavagga:
		Atisītaṃ atiuṇhaṃ   Atisāyamidaṃ ahu
		Iti vissaṭṭhakammante   Atthā accenti māṇave
		Meaning: Saying, “It’s too cold, it’s too hot, it’s too late,” one delays and abandons work; thus they let their chances pass by
	To explain: This saying teaches that one who is always finding excuses to postpone or abandon work misses the benefits he should have gained, because opportunity and time wait for no one.
	This saying comes from the Sigālaka Sutta, which the Buddha taught to the young man Sigālaka, describing the dangers of laziness: the lazy person tends to say it is too cold, too hot, too late, too early, too hungry or too full, and so does not work. As a result, wealth that has not yet arisen does not arise, and wealth that has arisen is used up. These excuses sound reasonable, but in truth they conceal the laziness in the mind.
	The excuses of the lazy have one important characteristic: they never run out. When one escapes the cold, one meets the heat; when one escapes the heat, it is evening. If one waits until everything is ready before starting, one may never do anything at all. Nevertheless, resting when truly tired or ill is necessary. This saying warns against using excuses to avoid one's duties; it does not forbid caring for one's health.
	Applying this lesson in daily life, we should avoid tormenting animals for fun, mocking friends until they are humiliated, or taking advantage of others for our own gain. Though these actions take different forms, they all show that our happiness should not be built on the suffering of others. If we must protect ourselves, we should stay mindful, find a way out of the danger or seek help, and avoid causing more harm than necessary or retaliating out of spite.
	To conclude: Those who seek happiness should therefore always remember that others love happiness and do not want suffering, just as they do. Before thinking, speaking or doing anything, they should consider whether it will harm anyone, and then choose ways that are honest and kind. Not harming supports living together in peace and is a way of abstaining from the evil kamma that brings suffering. This accords with the Dhamma saying set forth as the theme at the beginning:
		Sukhakāmāni bhūtāni   Yo daṇḍena vihiṃsati
		Attano sukhamesāno   Pecca so na labhate sukhaṃ
		All beings desire happiness. Whoever, seeking his own happiness, harms them with violence, finds no happiness hereafter
	Thus has the meaning been explained, as set forth above.

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